Page 48 - TINA Dergi Sayi 10

TINA

Denizcilik Arkeolojisi Dergisi

Side scan sonar has been used in various submerged pieces, in contrast to human-knapped flint, do not
localities in Israel (Akko, Atlit, Caesarea) mainly produce a similar acoustic response. Thus the ‘noise’
for detecting shipwrecks. Its use for identifying sub- from naturally-formed flint pieces should not dis-
merged site features is limited, because most of the rupt the acoustic mapping of submerged Stone Age
sites are covered with sand and in the relatively small sites . To test the method, such acoustic mapping
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sections that are exposed, features can be more easily was done in chosen sectors of Atlit-Yam site covered
identified by divers. However, this method can be by a sand layer ca. 1 m thick. These sectors were
useful for searching large areas and identifying palae- exposed and mapped during underwater surveys
olandscapes and anthropogenic structures on exposed conducted several years earlier. The acoustic survey
rocky sea-bottom, such as on the Carmel nose. shows a correlation between some known knapped
A multi-beam echo sounder was used to map flint concentrations and those detected by the sonar
bathymetry and sea-bottom features in the Carmel system .
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coast , in Caesarea harbor, in Atlit-Yam and in a 6. Sub-bOttOm SeArCH uSİnG wAter-Jet
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submerged river canyon (Adam canyon) that crosses PrObeS AnD SeDİment SAmPLeS
the sandstone ridge off the south coast of Haifa . In Water jet probes (Fig. 8) are used for locating and
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Atlit -Yam this method was efficient for bathymetric sampling palaeosols and sites covered by a few
mapping. Site features, however, could not be iden- meters of sediment (see above). They can also be
tified, as most of them were covered by sand during used to locate anthropogenic materials such as ash,
the survey. charcoal, bone, pottery and flint fragments embed-
More recently, experiments to locate concen- ded in the sediment sampled. Systematic sediment
trations of flint artifacts were conducted . They sampling using numerous cores in areas intended for
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demonstrated that human-knapped flint products development, may be used to identify submerged
resonate strongly in response to specific acoustic landscapes, palaeosols and possible anthropogenic
signals in the vicinity of 10 kHz, even when they features. Such methods are also applicable in back-
are embedded in, or covered by, sea-floor sediments. ground research and in constructing predictive mod-
Also, it was found that naturally fractured flint eling aimed at locating sites and protecting them .
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41 SADE et al. 2006.
42 GALİLİ 2004.
43 GRØN - BOLDREEL 2014.
44 GRØN-BOLDREEL 2014; GRØN et al. 2018.
45 GRØN et al. 2018.
46 FAUGHT 2014.

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