Page 30 - TINA Dergi Sayi 11

TINA

Denizcilik Arkeolojisi Dergisi

7- KUŞADASI-DAVUTLAR COASTAL PLAIN, KADIKALESI (ANAIA) in the Sarıçay Plain, it is possible to determine how far
Kadıkalesi, also known as Anaia, lies on a coastal the sea encroached by Holocene transgression in the
plain between Kuşadası and Davutlar (Fig. 4). A to- past between Güllük Gulf and Pilav Tepe, and its po-
tal of 13 core drillings were carried out in the Kuşa- sition during the Middle Holocene (7000-6000 years
37
dası-Davutlar coastal plain, Kadıkalesi and its vicinity ago) (Fig. 14). The terrestrial plain base has also
to determine the changes that have occurred during the been outlined, which showed that floods and inunda-
past 6000 years. Data obtained from these core drill- tion of Sarıçay had been more effective in the past in
ings, sections prepared based on these data (Fig. 13), this area. Similarly, it appears that from time to time it
and general and local information about the region had a shallow water marine environment. Two differ-
have been evaluated to determine the geomorpholog- ent cross-sections were prepared based on the data, in-
ical evolution of the region during Holocene. Based cluding the section between Pilavtepe and Güllük Gulf,
on these evaluations, the shoreline along with the sea and the section between Koruköy and Damlıboğaz
level rise from the Last Glacial Maximum until the Plain (Fig. 14). Four units including colluvial sedi-
Middle Holocene seems to have encroached 1-2 km ments prior to transgression, marine sediments, coast-
landward compared to the present. The Kadıkalesi al swamp and floodplain sediments were identified
area was enclosed with sea, in the form of a peninsula from deep to surface in the first cross-section among
connecting to the mainland through a thick neck on the the alluvial deposits of Sarıçay and Damlıboğaz Plain.
eastern part in the Middle Holocene (7000-6000 years And there were seven different units in the second
ago BP), during which the shoreline moved furthest cross-section between Koruköy and Damlıboğaz Plain
landward (Fig. 13). The archaeological data from the as follows; sediments prior to transgression, marine
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Kadıkalesi mound indicate that the initial settlement in sediments, coastal swamps, a shallow water marine
this site dates back at least 6000 years before present, environment, back marshes, a cultural layer and flood-
during which the sea level reached to its peak level plain sediments (Fig. 14). It is now clear how far the
while the shoreline progressed to inner parts as far as sea encroached landward in the area between Güllük
it could. Thus, the first settlers, unlike today, should Gulf and Pilavtepe-Damlıboğaz Plain and the modern
have used a peninsula (Kadıkalesi peninsula) with two airport 7000-6000 years ago as a result of Holocene
small coves on both sides, which could have served as transgression. A detailed coastline reconstruction map
a harbor (Fig. 13). of the landscape during the Middle Holocene (6000
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8- SARIÇAY DELTA PLAIN AND DAMLIBOĞAZ-PILAV TEPE OF BC) is drawn (Fig. 14). It appears that the sea intrud-
GÜLLÜK GULF ed up to the skirts of Pilav Tepe between the Güllük
The settlement history of Damlıboğaz and Pilav Gulf and Pilav Tepe. The settlements on the hill were
Tepe on the Sarıçay Plain, which stretches towards established very close, right behind the shore. Archae-
the Güllük Gulf in Western Anatolia goes back to ological remains were uncovered 5 meters below the
the Bronze Age, with a different natural environment surface to the north of the Sarıçay Plain and the plain
than that of today . Lying to the west of the Milas area in front of the Damlıboğaz Village. In deeper sec-
35
District, Sarıçay Plain is a tectonic depression shaped tions, sediments reflecting shallow water marine en-
with alluvial fillings from a stream of the same name vironment were found. A terrestrial plain base to the
36
(Fig. 4). Pilav Tepe lies on the southeastern edge of north of the plain was also determined, which showed
this alluvial depression as a bedrock ridge. There are that the floods and inundation of Sarıçay was more ef-
archaeological remains in Damlıboğaz Village, on Pi- fective in the past (Fig. 14).
lav Tepe and the plain in its skirts. The natural envi- 9- DELTA PLAIN OF EŞEN RIVER, PATARA AND LETOON
ronmental characteristics of the area on which rises Lying to the southwest of Teke Peninsula, known as
various archaeological finds have undergone changes Lycia in ancient times, the Eşen Plain has been formed
following human settlement and foundation of these by alluviums carried by the Eşen River. Major cities of
settlements (Fig. 14). Lycia are located on this plain, forming a delta in the
Based on the results of 11 core drillings carried out Eşen Creek (Fig. 4).

33 YILDIZ – ÖNER 2015
34 YILDIZ – ÖNER 2015; KARADAŞ et al 2019 b
35 DİLER et al 2009; DİLER – GÜMÜŞ 2012
36 SOYKAN 1997
37 ÖNER et al 2018d, 2018e, 2019d; VARDAR et al 2017
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